External and Internal Environmental Analysis Essay

â€Å"Environmental scanning is the internal communication of external information about issues that may potentially influence an organization’s decision-making process† (Albright, 2004, p. 34). For organizations like Fresenius Medical Care, a worldwide company, the awareness of external environmental factors is vital to maintain competitive on the dialysis industry. Even though there are multiple external factors to analyze, in recent years the government works as an element of change on the medical industry with the biggest health reform in United States history. The health reform will affect the way Fresenius makes business because the company needs to adapt the new payments-per-service coverage and sustain quality of service as well as profitability. External Environmental Scan Remote Environment â€Å"The remote environment comprises five factors that originate beyond, and usually irrespective of, any single firm’s operating situation: economic, social, political, technological, and ecological factors† (Pearce II & Robinson, 2012, p. 87). The organization has no control or regulation over these factors. The remotes environmental factors influence the way Fresenius Medical Care offers dialysis services, especially the economic and political factors. The economic factor describes the organization awareness of the â€Å"general availability of credit, the level of disposable income, and the propensity of people to spend† (Pearce II & Robinson, 2012, p. 87). Fresenius target market is end-stage-renal-disease patients with health care insurance. The economic factor will affect Fresenius target and the ability to pay for dialysis treatment and medications. The â€Å"political factors define the legal and regulatory parameters within which firms must operate† (Pearce II & Robinson, 2012, p. 90). A good example of political factor is the Obama Care Law or Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The president Barak Obama signs the law in 2010 with the purpose of providing accessibility to affordable medical care to the Americans and to reduce the government expenses. For-profits entities like Fresenius Medical Care have to adapt the new regulations and create a strategic plan to avoid the potential reduction on profit. Industry Environment â€Å"Industry environment is the general conditions for competition that influence all businesses that provide similar products and services† (Pearce II & Robinson, 2012, p. 97). There are five forces that Michael E. Porter, a Harvard University professor, uses to describe the industry competition (Pearce II & Robinson, 2012). These forces are entry barriers, supplier power, buyer power, substitute availability, and competitive rivalry (Pearce II & Robinson, 2012). Fresenius Medical Care major competitor in the United States is Davita Dialysis Center. Fresenius recognizes and study the competitor’s strategies to strength the organization. The Obama Care law affects the dialysis industry by changing the medication coverage. Fresenius competitor owns pharmaceuticals with capability to serve the dialysis patients as soon the law becomes active in 2016. Fresenius identifies the threat of substitute of the competitor and create a program that provides medications to the patients and increase the company profitability even before the law is effective. The goal for Fresenius is to enroll a 100% of patients with Medicare in Fresenius Rx program by the end of 2013. So far Fresenius is at 20% of the goal in California. Operating Environment The external operating environment seems to be closer to the firm than the remote and the industry environments. Operating environment includes the following factors: competitors, creditors, customers, labor, and supplier (Pearce II & Robinson, 2012). The proximity of these factors implies that the company may have more interaction and more awareness of the environmental changes. For example, Fresenius study the effect of the new health reform on the main competitor, Davita Dialysis, the patients, the employees, the pharmaceutical suppliers, and medication distributors. Fresenius uses this information to create new strategies and reform the internal environment. Internal Environmental Scan Strengths â€Å"A strength is a resource or capability controlled by or available to a firm that gives it an advantage relative to its competitors in meeting the needs of the customers it serves† (Pearce II & Robinson, 2012, p. 151). Fresenius Medical Care is a German company with more than 70 years of experience in the dialysis industry. The company operates worldwide and has â€Å"more than 2,100 dialysis facilities in North America† (Fresenius Medical Care, n. d. , p. 1). In addition to the experience and knowledge, Fresenius is â€Å"the continent’s top producer of dialysis equipment, dialyzers and related disposable products and a major supplier of renal pharmaceuticals† (Fresenius Medical Care, n. d. , p. 1). Another important strength is the high quality standards on the services and products that the company provides. Weakness With the strength comes the weakness. â€Å"A weakness is a limitation or deficiency in one or more of a firm’s resources or capabilities relative to its competitors that create a disadvantage in effectively meeting customer needs† (Pearce II & Robinson, 2012, p. 151). The weakness that the company confronts with the new health care reform is the pharmaceutical capability. The pharmacy should be ready to serve â€Å"hundreds of thousands of people throughout the United States† (Fresenius Medical Care, n. d. , p. 1) by 2016. Fresenius has two pharmacies that provide services to more than 2,000 facilities. The prescription delivery time fluctuates between two days and two weeks, which gives advantage to the competitors. Another weakness that Fresenius has is the pressure putting into the employees to meet the project deadlines. This pressure may cause work accidents, employees’ exhaustion or the reason for knowledgeable employees to move and work with the competitors. Competitive Position and Possibilities Competitive advantage is the â€Å"company’s unique skills and resources working to implement strategies that competitors cannot implement as effectively† (Olsen, 2013, p. 1) Fresenius Medical Care (FMC) has a competitive advantage position because the company keeps the vanguard on dialysis product innovation and quality of service. FMC is the major product provider of the competitors in United States as well. A strategic alliance between FMC and the competitors may help the industry to survive the new health care reform and the implications to dialysis treatment payments. This alliance may reduce the cost of the medications and improve customer service by delivering medications the same day of the prescription order. If an alliance is impossible, the knowledge, and experience in strategic planning that characterize Fresenius, will lead the company to a new plan to keep profitability while doing business. Other possibilities may be open more pharmacies around the United States, and diversify the medications inventory. In this way Fresenius will be able to fill any medication prescription to the patients as well as improve delivery time. Organizational Structure and Performance â€Å"Organizational structure refers to the formalized arrangements of interaction between and responsibility for the tasks, people, and resources in an organization† (Pearce II & Robinson, 2012, p. 321). Fresenius Medical Care has a traditional matrix organizational structure â€Å"in which functional and staff personnel are assigned to both a basic functional area and to a project or product manager† (Pearce II & Robinson, 2012, p. 326). This type of structure helps large companies to concentrate in projects like the creation of strategic plan to meet the government health reform and meet the company’s goal. Conclusion The external and internal environmental analysis brings information to Fresenius Medical Care (FMC) that the company uses to strengthen the company and be aware of potential treats and opportunities. For example, the external remote environment factor that influences the company’s structure is the new government health care reform or the Obama Care Law by changing the amount of payment per dialysis treatment. The external industry and operating environments analysis provide information about the competitor’s strategies in relation to the new regulations. Davita Dialysis Center represents FMC biggest competitor. Fresenius strengths are experience, knowledge, innovation, biggest producer of dialysis materials, and high quality measures. Fresenius weaknesses are the pharmacy capability, deadlines, and pressure. Fresenius uses the strength to improve pharmacy services; decrease employees work pressure, and maintain competitive, and profitable in the dialysis industry. Fresenius organizational structure helps the company to meet the company’s goals, mission, and mission. The matrix structure permits functional employees to work in special projects, perform a functional work, and meet the company’s expectations. For example, Fresenius has the Registered Dietitians working on FMC Rx (Company’s pharmacy) enrollment project and performing regular dietitian job. The dietitian reports to the manager of operations as well as the Clinical Manager. References Albright, K. S. (2004, May/June). Environmental scanning: radar for success. Information Management, 38(3), 38. Retrieved from http://www. arma. org/ bookstore/files/Albright. pdf Fresenius medical care. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://jobs. fmcna. com/ Olsen, E. (2013). About. com. Retrieved from http://homebusiness. about. com/od/growing/a/comp_advantage. htm Pearce II, J. A. , & Robinson, R. B. (2012). Strategic Management (13th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

In times of war one of the casualties is truth Essay

The word war to many people conjures up images of death and destruction and this is shown in the two poems, ‘Dulce et decorum est’ and ‘Disabled’. Wilfred Owen, who was a solider and experienced war first hand, wrote both of the poems, he did this from personal experience. In Both poems a negative view is portrayed, by describing the pain, suffering and the general consequences of war. The message he is trying to put across by writing these poems is that war is bloody, a waste of life and may leave you in a horrific state. The aim of the poet is to warn people of what war is all about: mainly death. On the other hand, war can also be shown as being honourable, heroic and patriotic, we know this from the poems ‘The Volunteer’ and ‘In Flanders Fields’. The poem ‘The Volunteer’ was written by a man called Herbert Asquith who was a politician and his aim was to get people to sign up and volunteer them selves to go to war, so his poem gives off a positive view of war. Herbert Asquith, in his poem, says that you will become a hero if you go to war and although you may die it is worthwhile because your country will be proud. These words create the positive view that Herbert Asquith was aiming for. A Canadian called John McCrae is the author of the poem ‘In Flanders Fields’. John was a military medical officer and viewed war from the sidelines and got a positive view from what he saw. His message is to other soldiers to tell them they must be brave and fight with pride or the soldiers who died previously will feel they have wasted their lives fighting. The poems differ a lot from each other as they create different images of war and disagree with each other. Two of the poems mention the good side of war, whereas the other two, shows the bad side of war. All four poems represent the truth in one way or another as War has many truths. The authors of the four poems are motivated by their different relevant experiences of the things they were doing during the war. Owens’ experiences on the front line in the battlefield influenced him to write the poem ‘Disabled’ as he witnessed the many casualties of war, also his poem ‘Dulce et decorum est’ describes the horrific conditions soldiers had to live and fight under during the war. Asquith, not being a solider himself, but a politician didn’t really understand what it would be like to experience war but it was his duty to persuade people to sign up and therefore this influenced his poem. John McCrae was only a medical officer but he saw the pain and suffering of the soldiers. He took this to be a good sign as it shows a result of being brave and fighting for your country. Wilfred Owen in both his poems wants the readers to feel moved by the message they portray and does this by using emotive language and emphasis. Owen also hopes that his poem will make people consider the consequences of war before volunteering. On the opposite side, Herbert Asquith wants the readers to be taken in by his poem, which describes being in the army as essential and honourable, something that Owen does not appear to agree on. John McCrae makes the readers feel mournful for those who died but also that they died as a duty to their country. The structures and tones of these poems are different. â€Å"In Flanders Fields† is concise but to the point. Whereas â€Å"Disabled† and â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† are long and descriptive, the tone of these two poems is very serious, depressing and shocking. â€Å"The Volunteer† is short and persuasive. All of the poems have strong description of war and create powerful images, whether they are good or bad. From the two poems â€Å"disabled† and â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† we can get images of bloody deaths and horrific consequences. â€Å"Disabled† tells us about a young man who went to war to serve his country, became a hero but suffered severely from it; He ended up in a wheel chair and has no future ahead of him. â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est† however describes war conditions in detail and paints a dreadful picture in our heads, using description such as â€Å"the froth-corrupted lungs† and â€Å"blood-shod†. Death is discussed in all 4 poems, but more evidently in Wilfred Owens’ work. In â€Å"the Volunteer† Herbert Asquith tells of man who is dull and seems to carry out the same duties day after day â€Å"Half his life had spent toiling†. Asquith then goes on to describe the glorious lifestyle of the man when he as became a soldier, implying that joining the army is a way of escaping a dull and boring life. In this poem and â€Å"In Flanders Fields† death is described in a soft way by using the word â€Å"falling† and terms such as â€Å"now we lie†. Emotions run high in all of the poems, contrasting happiness and fear. I agree with Owen’s view on war, it is dreadful and a waste of time. There are more consequences than you can imagine, why put yourself through War, the glory is minimum. â€Å"The Volunteer† is a reflection of my down side of war, as I don’t think people should be encouraged to go to war, although I do understand that people have to fight for their country.

The soicial functions of design and public design Research Paper

The soicial functions of design and public design - Research Paper Example A growing number of organizations, especially in the public sector; this across Western societies, are constantly seeking out innovations in the sphere of public design and design in general. The resultant effects of the global financial crisis have thrown many governments and their respective administrations into immense challenging situations. Every society has its own culture and traditional practices that make it unique. The cultural practices of different societies, in the world, are made and challenged by social groups depending on their benefit or detriment. Design and public design is one of the ways through which the process of constructing and challenging cultural issues. for instance, graphic design communicates the cultural and social beliefs that are practiced by political and economic groups and the society, at large. It is part and parcel of a process where beliefs and values are changed and transferred from one place to another. It does this in order to teach people n ew cultures and ways of doing things that are practiced in other societies. Design has a social role because it serves to change the beliefs and mindsets that people have about certain issues of life. In this case, change means the altering or transforming of beliefs and attitudes that affect people. For example, graphic design is a manifestation of the cultures that exist in different societies. Through design, people reproduce social power and imbalances, ways of communication and ideologies challenged or supported by people. Design amplifies and controls communication through publicizing messages without having to publish them. Design is a form of communication that travels through the world collecting and passing information about cultures and ways of interaction through criticism and viewpoints. For example, during the 1979 elections in Britain Graphic design was a radical and a driving force for social change through the support of right wing party ascension towards government . Design has been as a force that forges resistance to social order and authority that are discriminative upon the people (Ellis, 2010). Design and public design are also important to the society in the sense that it constructs and reconstructs racial and gender identities among societies. Race and gender are artificial concepts that are formulated in the mindsets of people and are beyond biological differences between people. Race and gender concepts are created and created and communicated through aspects, such as design and public design. This is because design travels throughout the world without difficulties. It communicates sociological concepts throughout the world without distinguishing distance, time or space. This way, they create social identities that are translated into beliefs held by people (Richard, 1990). Most European countries such as Italy, Spain, Portugal, Ireland and Greece, just to name but a few have faced bankruptcy for some time. This has necessitated, due to the tremendous pressure present, a dramatic shift towards reforming the public sector, including pension systems among others. Even those governments in less dire situations are also undertaking similar if not as radical measures as their counterparts. Examples include the United Kingdom’s introduction, through its coalition government; the notion of ‘Big Society’

Strategic Decision Making Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Decision Making - Case Study Example There is no better appropriate timing and place other than this kind of TV appearance. Customers eagerly await such announcements when policy changes take place on the aftermath of old guard changing at the helm. The strategic significance of this decision lies in the fact that the new CEO has recognized the relevance and the importance of the TV as a medium of communication to target potential customers who otherwise would be clueless as to the future strategy of CH. Secondly CH has been going through a turbulent period. Thus the TV interview was well timed and is seen as a strategic shift in policy thrust away from what was hitherto practiced under Mr. Khan. Such a strategic initiative with a great zing in it would essentially mean a shift in the corporate strategy and a reorientation in policy in keeping with the vision of the new leadership. Thus on a closer approximation Mr. Kahn had adopted Rational Decision Making Model (RDMM) as his first choice in the process of changing the strategic environment at CH. This is obvious when one looks at the fact that Mr. Kahn had been influenced by a desire to achieve some critical corporate goals though his entrepreneurial leadership style might have acted as a dampener on the subsequent outcomes. There is no gainsaying the fact that RDMM has a number of variants and Mr. Kahn chose to focus on the bounded rationality principle as enunciated by Simon (2000).During Mr. Khan's time the company received ven ture capital support and even got listed on the London Stock Exchange (LSE). These positive developments are essentially associated with the RDMM and therefore it must be noted that his philosophy of managing the hundreds of workforce at CH was essentially based on the staff motivating and innovative management strategies (Hatch, & Schultz, 2008). Thus RDMM was an integral part of the company's overall organizational and management culture. However it must be noted that bounded rationality principle as opposed to the concept of rationality optimization would have predominated at CH despite Mr. Kahn's apparent reluctance to delegate responsibility to the lower layers in the hierarchy.A random analysis would show that Mr. Kahn also applied some intuitive decision making principles though their significance in the context of management at CH cannot be determined now except to identify some traces of organizational culture based on a family-centric system of values and morals. The strat egic management related outcomes of this approach of Mr. Kahn can be seen against the now evolving backdrop of a much vigorous normative work environment under Mr. Bamford. While much of it is purely determined by a great desire to overcome limits associated with irrational human behavior the corresponding level of work efficiency at CH can be attributed to the current leadership style of Mr. Bamford.This has been made public through his interview and its morale-boosting impact on the workforce is quite obvious though only the time will tell as to when and how the workforce would become fully motivated to achieve corporate goals as defined by the strategy. In the first place Simon's bounded rationality model is probably the most preferred by decision makers though Mr. Bamford has adopted much of it to leverage

Health and Women as Healers in the African American Culture Research Paper

Health and Women as Healers in the African American Culture - Research Paper Example African Americans have a long health tradition and practices of health that shape what they do to care for themselves today. According to Becker, Rahima, and Edwina (par. 9), the traditional medicine of African Americans can be traced back past enslavement in America to their native cultures in Africa. Fundamental facets of the African American culture are key self-care strategy development. There is a basic self-care approach that builds on extensive values and practices. These practices and values comprise of social support, spirituality and traditional medicine. Each of these practices of culture is vital in shaping the understanding of an individual of self-care. Together, they form the foundation for the activities of self-care that are cultured further so as to manage illnesses. Nonetheless, when the cultural approach to self-care was applied to particular health concerns, the establishment of additional self-care strategies was impacted by access to health care. Health care accessibility made a difference in how individuals managed their illnesses Healing has a long alliance with faith, spirit, family support and altered consciousness state. Women have traditionally been healers in the society in all cultures, as healing has been viewed as the natural duty of wives and mothers. Healing has also been regarded as a natural display of the feminine principle. Healing is the return toward the integrity natural state and individual wholeness. Healers facilitate the process of healing. The woman healer learns or inherits skills and abilities of healing from family, apprenticeships or spirits. The woman healer can holistically observe the intricate nature of the illness. Then, she treats the mind, body and spirit with stress in the spirit and practice prevention of disease. Moreover, their clients trust them. These women have a distinct connection to the spirit world that empowers them to heal. Additionally, they are wise to

Short Story and Art piece Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Short Story and Art piece - Essay Example This confusion starts as Mr. Conroy enters the house and is greeted by the housemaid, Lily. As she helps him with his coat, he attempts to make a connection with her, remembering a time when she was a little girl playing with dolls as he says, "I suppose well be going to your wedding one of these fine days with your young man." However, he is quickly and firmly turned away from such a connection as she responds, "the men that is now is only all palaver and what they can get out of you." This response denies any connection between the two characters at the same time that it causes the reader to question the intentions being expressed. Perhaps Mr. Conroy was trying to be flirtatious instead of just family? It is difficult to know for certain, thus calling into question whether this short story is communicating in a conventional way. As Gabriel goes upstairs to talk with the people there, he eventually meets up with a fellow university instructor, Miss Ivors, and she teases him about hi s clandestine writings for a conservative newspaper, calling him a West Briton and forcing him to admit he is sick of Ireland. When Miss Ivors leaves the party suddenly, "Gabriel asked himself was he the cause of her abrupt departure. But she did not seem to be in ill humour: she had gone away laughing." He continues to be confused until the end of the story, when he learns that his wife, who was transfixed by a song sung as they were leaving, is still missing an old lover she had before him who died after taking a chill waiting outside her window. This ending leaves the reader as perplexed as the character, trying to puzzle out what the meaning was intended to be and where the attention should have been focused. In much the same way, "Deep in the very heart of Africa" is a painting that provides very little context as to where the viewer is supposed to look. The art work presents what seems to be a diagonal maze stretched across a

Assignment 2 International Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Assignment 2 International Relations - Essay Example There are many other areas which can affect the peace in this world. In Egypt, the struggle for displacing the current president Hosni Mubarak has been succeeded at the time of writing this paper. Even though no bloody wars were conducted to expel Mubarak, many people died in the encounters between the police and the public. In short, peace is a complex entity which depends on so many factors. In a society where the discriminations with respect to race or gender exist, we cannot say that peace exists there. Same way in a society, where human rights have no meaning, we cannot say that peace exist there. In short, peace has so many dimensions. This paper analyses the dimensions of peace with respect to gender in general and that of the women in particular. â€Å"Although gender roles change over time and are culturally dependent, gender is used as a benchmark to determine access and power, and is the rubric under which inequality is justified and maintained† (CAPRIOLI M, n. d.p. 163). In some cultures, women and men are enjoying almost equal status. In most of the Christian and Hindi communities, women and men are enjoying equal rights. In fact in Hindu community, women have slightly upper role than the men. However, in Muslim Patriarch societies, still women face serious brutalities. For example, Afghanistan is infamous for religious fundamentalism. The patriarch Afghan Muslim society does not give any freedom to the females. In fact the Muslim females in Afghanistan are facing lot of brutal behaviours from the male counterparts. â€Å"Multiple causes of violence against women exist, yet inequality of power (domination and subordination) is a common denominator in all acts of violence† (CAPRIOLI M, n. d.p.163). Baker (2010) has written the story of Beebe Ayesha, wife of a cruel Afghan husband, whose nose and ear were cut off by the Taliban for trying to escape from her husband’s house, in Time magazine The Taliban pounded on the door just bef ore midnight, demanding that Aisha, 18, be punished for running away from her husband's house. They dragged her to a mountain clearing near her village in the southern Afghan province of Uruzgan, ignoring her protests that her in-laws had been abusive, that she had no choice but to escape. Shivering in the cold air and blinded by the flashlights trained on her by her husband's family, she faced her spouse and accuser. Her in-laws treated her like a slave, Aisha pleaded. They beat her. If she hadn't run away, she would have died. Her judge, a local Taliban commander, was unmoved. Later, he would tell Aisha's uncle that she had to be made an example of lest other girls in the village try to do the same thing. The commander gave his verdict, and men moved in to deliver the punishment. Aisha's brother-in-law held her down while her husband pulled out a knife. First he sliced off her ears. Then he started on her nose. Aisha passed out from the pain but awoke soon after, choking on her ow n blood. The men had left her on the mountainside to die (Baker, 2010). This story clearly shows that peace cannot be established in this world without ensuring equality to all. Aisha succeeded in getting her nose back after escaping to United Sates and undergoing plastic surgery for the reconstruction of her nose. However, there are many other Aishas in Afghanistan like fundamental societies and without ensuring fair treatments to these people, it is impossible for us to say that peace exists in this word. It

Blaw Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Blaw - Essay Example If Stanford’s advertising only consisted of some form of multimedia, then slander would apply. If, however, Stanford used a written form to advertise then Cornell could sue for libel. In order to prove their case, Cornell would have to have proof that Stanford’s claims are false. The most obvious form of proof is that Cornell actually tests its software and does not have their customers do so. Also, a third party would usually have to testify that they heard or saw the false advertising. Since this advertising was meant for the public, anyone could act as a witness. Finally, Cornell would also have to prove that Stanford false actions have directly led to Cornell losing sales to Stanford. This last part would be difficult to prove, as there may be other factors for Cornell losing sales to Stanford, but if found guilty then Stanford would likely have to pay damages to Cornell. 2. In order Flo to recover damages from Dan, he must show that it was Dan’s responsibility to look after his truck. Then Flo must prove that Dan failed to uphold his duty by not setting the parking brake when making a delivery. Next, Flo must show that by Dan not setting the parking brake, his truck caused a chain of events that eventually ended in Flo receiving injuries from the falling crane. If Flo can prove that he did not get injured through any actions of his own, then the only other alternative is the falling truck, which fell due to a burned wall, which caught on fire due to the gas station pump, which only burst due to the truck crashing into it. The onus is on Flo to prove that each of these small events was influenced by the other and that Dan is ultimately responsible for every incident that occurred as a result of him not setting the parking brake on his truck. Whether Dan intended to leave the parking brake off is not in question, only if his actions caused Floà ¢â‚¬â„¢s injuries. Because Dan was a representative of EZ Delivery Company, Flo can ultimately

Answer three question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answer three question - Essay Example young girls as heroines, some young enough to be still living at home, for they do not know exactly what to expect from a man, or from life at large. Use of magic realism is a inevitably observed theme, and Bender finds it difficult to find a reason to continue. This story begins with gusto and then fizzle out, with weak juxtapose with use of multiple plot lines, without much more point than to showcase the skill of the juggler (Bender, 2012). 3. Upon reading the legacy, Bender’s characters typify gender in a relatively expected way, her male and female characters assuming an almost perfect binary coherence to one another. Her stories are unique, and do not relate to any previous available literature work.. Examining her text, one cannot ignore her female protagonist’s relationship to patriarchy (Bender, 2012). This paper finds that Aimee stories are influenced by her life experiences, and she agrees on this by saying she felt her adolescence was unequipped for all the

The different ways of researching Essay Example for Free

The different ways of researching Essay You should use this file to complete your Assessment. The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference Then, go to HYPERLINK http://www.vision2learn.com www.vision2learn.com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area – make sure it is clearly marked with your name, the course title and the Unit and Assessment number. Please note that this Assessment document has 8 pages and is made up of 7 Sections. Name: Section 1 – Know the employment rights and responsibilities of the employee and employer 1. Identify four main points that would be included in a contract of employment. If possible, use an example contract to support your answer (feel free to obscure any confidential information). employees name place of work hours of work sick leave 2a) List three key points of legislation that affect employers in a business environment. Health and safety Data protection Contractual employment rights 2b) List three key points of legislation that affect employees in a business environment. pensions the equality The Working Time Regulations 3. Identify a range of places where a person can find information on employment rights and responsibilities. You should identify at least two internal and two external sources of information. internal-line managers -informed coleagues -Books and documents held within the organisation -P -Legal professionals ersonnel specialists external-Libraries -Business Link -Citizens Advice Bureau -Educational establishments 4. Describe how representative bodies can support employees. the best knowns support representative bodies are trade unions they suport emplyees by training,informing them protecting theyr rights 5. Identify employer and employee responsibilities for equality and diversity in a business environment. You should give at least two employer responsibilities and two employee responsibilities. If possible, provide relevant equality and diversity procedures from your workplace (or place of study) to support your answer. These documents should be annotated to highlight the relevant sections. Employer must ensure that line managers appreciate diversity and aplly fair treatment to all employees disregard color,race,religion.Employers must  always look for the positive attributes that people may bring to a situation. Employees have to be polite,respect the other people around him,must be willing to learn about people who are different,work with with them and treat them equal Employers and Employees have responsabilities to each other,they should also expect theyr rights to be upheld. 6. Explain the benefits of making sure equality and diversity procedures are followed in a business environment. Your answer should include one benefit for the employer, one benefit for the employee and one benefit for the overall organisation. it will benefit for the employer that the organisation is more likely to attract talented people who want to progress, the employee can learn new things be more productive in a happy enviroment,the organisation may learn new things as well from people and can become more productive. Section 2 – Understand the purpose of health, safety and security procedures in a business environment 1a. Identify employer and employee responsibilities for health and safety. The health and safety at work act set out responsabilities and right for both employees and employers.Employers are expected to abide by a range of requirements governing such aspects as providing safe machinery and equipment and carry out regular health and safety chechs.Employers must make sure the employees are trained in health and safety issues.there are responsabilities such as the expectation to work in a safe way and to have regard for the safety of work colleagues. 1b. Identify employer and employee responsibilities for security. If possible, provide relevant health, safety and security policies / documents from your workplace (or place of study) to support your answer. These documents should be annotated to highlight the relevant sections. Employers must highlight safety policies for lone and late night workers,business travelers and cash handlers,train staff in safety. Employees need to have respect for security procedures to allow thouse procedures to be effective,employees shoud make it a point to attend all security training classes and to be ready to use security procedures at all time. Employers are responsible for any visitors to their premises such as customers, suppliers and the general public. Employers have responsibilities to ensure the employees personal details are respected and properly protected. Keep the personal information obtained secure; it should not normally be disclosed to another organisation without the individual’s consent. If employers are going to verify the information a person provides, make sure they know how this will be done and what information will be checked. Ensure that those who have access to employment records are aware that data protection rules apply and that personal information must be handled with respect. Employers are responsible for any visitors to their premises such as customers, suppliers and the general public. Employers must give employees information about the risks in the workplace and how they are protected, also instruct and train them on how to deal with the risks. 2. Explain the purpose of following health, safety and security procedures in a business environment. The benefits of working in a healthy and safe environment is that you are less likely to risk your personel welface at work,reducing the risks and hazards in your workplace helps contribute towards this.Folowing the procedures also prevent injuries and illness to self or others. 3. Describe three different ways of maintaining a safe and secure business environment. Promptly report to the appropriate person when someone is wrong or may have a potential for causing harm but the individual cannot correct it. Being willing to take practical actions to ensure the wellbeing of yourself and others. Remaining alert,not being under the infuence of alcohol or drugs. Section 3 – Understand how to communicate effectively with others 1. Describe three different methods of communication. You should include two verbal, two non-verbal and two written methods of communication. Face to face discutions,presentations to small or large group. Facial expression,gesture,body language and posture Texting,email. for small businesses that don’t have offices, important meetings discussions of goals for the coming year or regular planning sessions should be done face-to-face. Employee evaluations should always be conducted in person. Job interviews also require face-to-face discussions, examples of written comunication by email can be sale reports,the advantage is that on the email can be added files or documents, texts comunications,well these days texts comunications is beeing used in abusive way by teenagers in stead of meeting comunicating whit people next to them,prefer texting. text comunication is good for sending to some onedetails of a adresse,a quiq list of thinks(shoppings maybe),a quiq notification that the meeting is still on. non-verbal messages allow people to reinforce or modify what is said in words. For example, people may nod their heads vigorously when saying Yes to emphasise that they agree with the other person, but a shrug of the shoulders and a sad expression when saying Im fine thanks,† may imply that things are not really fine at all 2. Using two specific examples, explain how to choose the most appropriate method of communication to meet your needs and the needs of others. for sending someone document what are needed quickly it can be done by email,is a fast instant way to send document inneed for someone who can even be in a diferent country. if is realy important and for boosting the eficiency of the mesage in stead of sending email all day can meet face to face,this tipe of comication can boost creativity.also face to face comunication is good for people who struggle with written comunication. 3. Describe at least two ways of actively listening. Provideing feedback to the speaker,focus on details,try to keep eye contact at all time. Section 4 – Understand how to work with and support colleagues 1. Explain the purpose of agreeing standards for your own work. Give at least two reasons. by agreeing the work standards ,everyone knows what is expected from them and people around them.people need work standards so they work more effectively together. 2. Explain the purpose of taking on new challenges and being able to adapt to change at work. If u are wiling to take new challenges you are more valuable to organisation.is important to adapt if we what to advance with an organisation.employees who resist or deny changes may no longer fit in with the business,in longer term it can result in people losing their jobs. The benefit for the employee is that the organisation excel at performing tasks and improve efficiency,sales grows and profit,can reduce prices,organisation can grow and hire new staff. 3. Explain the purpose of treating others with honesty and consideration. Treating other with honesty and respect as u expect to be treated gives a greater willingness to co-operate,work harder and help coleagues,also less arguments,complains.people become more motivated,energised and enjoy theyr work. Section 5 – Know how to plan own work and be accountable to others 1. Explain the purpose of meeting work standards and deadlines when completing tasks in a business environment. Is important to mantain work standards and meet deadlines in a business environment so that customers and clients get the products and service they espected.without standards being met there wil be inefficineties and delays,this can be very damaging to the organisation. 2. Identify two different methods that you can use to plan your own work in a business environment. Prioritiseing the work by urgent/not urgent and the importance of the work Deliver on time,and make sure your plan is flexible for when changes occur. 3. Describe ways of keeping other people informed about progress and compare their effectiveness. What are the benefits and drawbacks of each approach? Reporting to the manager about the outcome of a project can be written, detailed report as well as face-to-face meeting, depending on the complexity of the report and the time frame Face to face-personal,detailed,however they can be time consuming. If you need to be in more than one place in a very short space of time Memos-short notes are concise, down to the essentials,lack detail and can be vague,lack security. Section 6 – Understand the purpose of improving own performance in a business environment and how to do so 1. Explain the purpose of continuously improving your performance in a business environment. Improveing your performance help you to get better at the job and produce improved results,more likely to have the oportuniti to advance in an organisation,more likely to recieve training and promotions,continuasly improveing the performance have a positive impact on a persons long-term career prospect. 2. Describe at least two ways of improving your performance at work. Where relevant, illustrate your answer with specific examples from your own experience. can emprove your performance by learning from your mistakes,observing others can also learn from performance reviews. From own experience a mistake done once is better to learn from it and not repeat it,observing others the way they work,siting at theyr desk not doing nothing  all day and somedays just bits of work,in time the employer dont need them any more as they are not a benefit for the company.looking backward from were u started as small,and were u are now,things that helped u in this time,things that u will be needing in the future or proper training what u probably soud have done long time ago it can maybe caled a learn from mistakes or from performance reviews. From all my experience best examples of improving my self was leaving the company what was not using my skills,to a better company what needed a person with my skills,and second get better training in business and administration,so i can learn about it be better and maybe go higher. 3. Identify at least two different types of career pathways or options that may be available to you. one of the carrier i can opt is stay were i am and advance as a team leader,i am qualified for it,have the experience,people know me and respect me. second will like to get the right training in business and management and customer relations,ang look for another job,better payd,new chalange,new people to meet,as a customer service to a maybe a small company is a good place to start for building the experience. Section 7 – Understand the types of problems that may occur in a business environment and how to deal with them 1. Identify at least two different types of problems that can occur in a business environment. Equipment failure. Supplies not arriving on time. A colleague is absent or is to slow on his work and have to wait for him. 2. Describe at least two specific problems that can occur at work and explain how they can be dealt with. Equipment failure,depending how complex and sofisticated is the equipment an employees can try to solve the problem it self if he is qualified using his knowledge and experience,ask a more experience coleague,if the problem it can not be solved must inform a senior manager as soon as posible. Supplies not arrivining on time need to inform a senior manager as soon as posible. 3. List at least two problems you are able to deal with yourself and two problems you would need to refer to others to deal with. Explain how and when you would refer these problems to others. Supplies arive and need to be mooved out from the delivery truk in to the storage area quik is not finished by lunch can work true the lunch breake and complete the task your self. If working on a forklift and it breake down need to contact a manager as is need a qualified personel to repair the machine. Once you have completed all 7 Sections of this Assessment, go to HYPERLINK

An Ethnographic Study of Well- being of Dinka Refugee Women

An Ethnographic Study of Well- being of Dinka Refugee Women Qualitative Critique Article Title: Well-being of Dinka Refugee Women of Southern Sudan Salima Shams Introduction: This paper would critique qualitative article title â€Å"Well- Being of Dinka Refugee Women of Southern Sudan† (Baird Boyle, 2012). Primary author of the study Baird is professionally an ARNP/CNS (Advance Registered Nurse Practioner/ Clinical Nurse Specialist), and also CTN: Certified Transcultural Nurse. Second investigator is also a nurse and has done MPH following her RN and both of the investigators had owned PhD degree. The major strength of the study is that researchers have evaluated cultural themes in their study of the cultural sharing group. According to (Le Compte, Millroy, Preissle, 1992 cited by Creswell 2007) â€Å"themes may include such topics as enculturation, socialization, learning, cognition, domination, inequality, or child and adult development† (p.71). Moreover, they have interconnected these themes with participant well-being; therefore, it has held my interest into it. Moreover, language of the article is easy to follow. The majo r area of improvement is that at many instances, I feel article lacks clarity and factual accuracy. The Problem: Research problem seems significant to nursing as it is concern with individuals’ (refugee) health and well- being. Moreover, significance of the problem to nursing has also been mentioned by researchers. Authors have mentioned study participants, and study questions. Purpose of the study is also stated by the authors but they haven’t mentioned key study variable â€Å"well-being† in it (Polit Beck, 2012). Problem statement of the study has been progressively developed through highlighting (problem identification/ introduction, Background, scope and consequences of the problem, knowledge gap, and proposed solution). The benefits of present study were stated clearly that is it will help in improving current nursing practices offered to refugee women (literature review section, para. 6). Authors haven’t mentioned any limitations of their study in the article. General assumptions of the theoretical framework have been utilized in the current stud y. Moreover, philosophical assumptions of qualitative and ethnographic research can easily be viewed in the article (Polit Beck, 2012). However, at few instances I have to infer such as whether phenomena has been viewed holistically or not. Review of the Literature: Literature has been comprehensively reviewed, synthesized well and logically presented by the researchers. The authors have summarized studies that address phenomena of well-being in refugee women. However, it would have been better, if further empirical literature specific to African refugee women would have been added. Authors have identified knowledge gap in the literature (Literature Review section, para.6). Moreover, majority of literature shared in the article was paraphrased and taken from primary sources. With that, majority of literature in literature review section except one, is recent that is within 10 years’ time when current study would have been started. Theoretical work has also been included by researcher in the article. However, theoretical work should have been further expanded; for example, conceptual definition of well-being should have been added. Additionally, another question could also be generated from literature review, such as, evaluation of the study participants’ social factors (Literature Review section, Para. 5) that hinder in refugee women resettlement and on their well-being. Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework: Middle range theory of transitions has been used as a theoretical guide for the current study (refer to appendix A and B) but no conceptual framework has been illustrated in the article. Qualitative studies utilize framework to create boundaries for the study, and framework helps in literature review, data collection, analysis and presentation of findings (Ryan, Coughian, Cronin, 2007). Though, framework has not been adequately utilized and described by authors in their research. For example, they have not integrated pattern and properties mentioned in the physical model in their study. Moreover, they have only talked about three type of transition in present study (developmental, situational and health- illness) but have not talked about organizational transition in present study. Justification has been provided for the use of specific theoretical framework â€Å"Three types of individual transitions†¦. as well as after their settlement† (Baird Boyle, 2012, pp.15-16). Furthermore, it is evident from the research article that the framework has guided researcher in identification of study population, main themes for data analysis and presentation of findings (Ryan, Coughian, Cronin, 2007). Population and Sampling: Authors have clearly defined target population â€Å"refugee women †¦. asylum to the United States† (Purpose of study section, p.14). Although it is one of the qualitative study design (ethnography) in which researcher describes and interprets shared and learned patterns of values, behaviors, belief and language of culture sharing group (Creswell, 2007, p. 68) and purpose is not the generalizability but to fully identify the pattern. So, adequate data collection is an important factor, in present study there were 10 study participants. According to Creswell (2007) â€Å"An ethnographer is interested in examining theses shared patterns and the unit of analysis is larger than the 20 or so individuals† (p.68). To maintain variability of the sample, subjects with diverse characteristics were included in the study (Refer sample section). Yet, researchers haven’t encountered any negative case and they have also not described participant se lection criteria. The method of sampling for the (subject) selection was through church, and by snowball. Following it purposive sampling for subject selection has been done and it is aligned with qualitative study design. Purposive sampling method provides opportunity for â€Å"theoretical sampling†. Theoretical sampling means selecting subjects who represent the important characteristics that researchers consider of interest to the study (Pidgeon Henwood, 1996) or intentionally adding of ‘outliers’ case in the study (Barbour, 2001). However, sampling method for the setting has not been described and majority of interview took place at participants’ homes and observations at church. Research Design: Ethnography study design has been used in the study. Study Design seems appropriate in regard to purpose of study as it is looking at behavior modifications/ value transformation in study participants and interpreting these modifications in relation to participants own culture. Webster dictionary define behavior as â€Å"anything that an organism does involving action or the way in which something functions or operates†. These behavioral (function) modifications have occurred in study participants because of the shift in their value system and individual learn values through their family/ society culture, socialization and through cognitive advancement. In nutshell, if we understand individual behavior, then we ultimately understand individual culture. Additionally, study is also highlighting intra- family and intra- community issue of power, resistance and dominance. However, I feel that questions that have been formulated are not according to study design. T hey are more providing understanding for phenomological research. Authors have describe participant characteristics and the context of study; hence, study is transferable/ replicable (Konradsen, Kirkevold, Olson, 2013). Data Collection: Interview, observations, field notes have used as a data collection strategy. Researcher have mentioned that the data collection methods are in accordance with ethnographic research (Baird Boyle, Method section, 2012, p. 16); however, haven’t rationale the use of selected method. Interview method of data collection seems appropriate in relation to study question; as study aimed at understanding experience of resettlement of refugee women. However, if other method (artifacts) of ethnographic data collection has been added, then it would have further enriched the data (Creswell, 2007, p.120). Protection of Human Rights: Authors have taken permission from University institutional review board. It is mentioned in the article that the participants were approached through church congregation and by snow ball sampling technique. Therefore, it indicates that people might had come forward and participated voluntarily into it. Although the researchers haven’t overtly said informed consent was taken but they have mentioned that approval has been taken from the board, it implies that informed consent would have been taken place. Study doesn’t appear to be a case of deception. It is not mentioned in the article the time at which individual participant consent would have taken place but site agreement was obtained prior to review board approval. Since the sample size is small; therefore, one can easily identify participant who is divorced or USA citizenship holder. Maximum benefit to participant has been maintained by researcher through participatory action research (PA R) project. Moreover, time provided for the study was compensated with money. Analysis: Researchers have generally explained method of data analysis which gives impression that â€Å"editing style of data analysis† have been used (Polit Beck, 2004). Nevertheless, they should have provided details of raw data; so that theoretical connectedness of data to themes could have been evaluated (Burns and Grove, 2001). Method of data analysis fit with level of inquiry, but since middle range theory of transition was used as a framework. Therefore, they should have used deductive approach for content/ data analysis following editing style of data analysis. Authors have in-cooperated participant words to support themes but haven’t inco-operated field notes along with participants transcriptions’. However, at few instances explanation provided under the themes titled ‘standing on our own two legs† and â€Å"Hope for the future† is not coherent with its title. For example, ‘several of them identified role models on televisionà ¢â‚¬ ¦.woman† (Baird Boyle, Finding section, 2012, p. 18). Rigor: The data collection methods are reliable and verifiable as interpreter and audiotaped have been utilized. Moreover, time allocation for interview was appropriate, longitudinal, with the interval of 2-5 month apart. However, adequate details of the interview questions (structured/ unstructured) have not been provided. It has been mentioned in the article that reliability was established through consensual validation with an experienced qualitative researcher. Moreover, validation of analysis is also done by study participants and primary interpreter. There is no notification of discrepant result in the article. Very scarcely researchers have present (etic) perspective in the article. Moreover, researchers haven’t shared their reflexivity in the article. Conclusion and Recommendation: All three themes that have emerged at the end of data analysis were discussed in finding section in relation to study questions. Conclusion that has been presented in the article is stated as â€Å"refugee women as strong, resilient, and capable of being responsible for their own and health and well-being† and this is justifiable to the findings of the study. The recommendation for nursing practice includes providing culturally competent interventions to promote health and well-being of refugee women and for future research studies authors have suggested to evaluate the phenomena in voluntary immigrants or undocumented workers. Recommendation for nursing practice is supported by the study results. I feel that transferability of the findings in Pakistani setting greatly depends on the geographical location because there is high inter and intra province variations in women status throughout the country. Appendix A Retrieved from, http://www.adolescenciaesaude.com/imagebank/images/en_v9n3a04 Appendix B Retrieved from http://jsn.sagepub.com/content/17/6/300/F1.large.jpg

What Really Counts as Learning :: Russell Thomas Essays

What Really Counts as Learning Learning happens in so many places and in so many ways. Maybe it is at the mall, or at home, or even in a classroom. For Russell Thomas it was in the poor town of Coney Island. In Coney Island, Russell has to learn many hard lessons in life. He learns that you can’t change everything and that life isn’t fair. Russell is forced to realize that failure is part of life and that it happens to all of us. These are all teachings that are irreplaceable and valuable. The lessons that Russell learns are ones that he will use for the rest of his life in his experiences. It is something that you can use on more than just a test for school. That is what real life learning is about and in one way or another we have all experienced it. Russell is the main focus in Darcy Frey’s article about three basketball prodigies from Coney Island. Russell is a tremendous basketball player and hopes to get out of Coney Island on a basketball scholarship. He has the skill to get that scholarship, but even with all that talent he has a major obstacle stopping him. In order to attend college on a scholarship, a score of 700 is required on the SAT. Russell, on his first attempt, only gets a 500; when a 400 is earned just for signing your name. So in order to get that scholarship and 700, Russell dedicates large amounts of time to studying. If he wasn’t working on basketball then he was working on his academics. After all that work Russell never gets his 700, or the scholarship. So therein lies the first lesson that Russell learns; life isn’t fair. Russell tries his hardest to bring up his grades and earn that 700, but when it comes down to it he has grown up in a low class area, without many opportunit ies. Frey described Coney Island as a place where there are â€Å"†¦no stores, no trees, no police; just block after block of gray cement projects†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Frey 38). Russell had what can hardly be called an education. It is a place where most of the good basketball players with any chance at a scholarship never make it, they either end up dead or back in Coney Island dealing drugs.

Philosophical Autobiography in Mahfouzs Cairo Trilogy Essay examples

Throughout the novels of Naguib Mahfouz' Cairo Trilogy, the most noticeable element is the progression of time. In tracing the lives of three generations of the Abd al-Jawad family, Mahfouz manages to structure a chronicle of Egypt during his lifetime that describes not only the lives of the family but the social, political and philosophical change of the entire nation. While it is dangerous to read only for social analysis in Mahfouz' essentially artistic work, the changes in Egypt during the novel make its characters' relationships to a shifting Egypt clear. The character of Kamal is a very intriguing part of this depiction because of his similarity to Mahfouz and the consequent illustration of the changes which seem to have impacted Mahfouz most personally. Kamal can be seen as an essentially autobiographical character as well as a type representing Egyptian philosophical involvement and change between the two World Wars. Kamal is certainly an autobiographical character, though to exactly what degree is not clear. The most obvious similarity is his age: Mahfouz was born in 1911, and Kamal would have had to be born near then as well for him to be 36 by the end of Sugar Street (232). The details surrounding his childhood are undeniably similar as well: Mahfouz was haunted by an infatuation with one of his neighbors for many years, he experienced disillusionment with religion when he found the tomb of al-Husayn to be empty, and he then began to study Darwinism and declared a philosophy major in college. Also like Kamal, Mahfouz did not marry until late in life. In 1946 he started writing this trilogy, in almost exactly the situation of Kamal at the end of Sugar Street, and his mental state may have been similar to... ...an especially valuable character because he offers us a less exaggerated social type than the rest of his family, one who is simultaneously intensely personal to the author and a representative of the whole of Egyptian society. He allows us to see Egypt more clearly by seeing through the eyes of its most notable author. WORKS CITED Abu Ahmed, Hamed. "A Nobelist's Inspiration." World Press Review 36.1 (1989): 61. Mahfouz, Naguib. Palace of Desire. New York: Doubleday, 1991. -----. Sugar Street. New York: Doubleday, 1992. Massuh, Victor. "Interview with Naguib Mahfouz." UNESCO Courier Dec. 1989: 4-6. Moosa, Matti. The Early Novels of Naguib Mahfouz. Gainsville, Fla.: University Press of Florida, 1994. [+] These quotes are taken from an uncited handout given to me by Richard Sutliff that I believe to be from Moosa's book. [+]+ hereafter SS.

The Safety Net Program Health And Social Care Essay

The Safety Net plan administered by the Child and Family Guidance Center is a school based intercession plan. A † Safety Net – Intervention Servicess for High Risk Youth † , was administered to 160 pupils, at Richardson West Junior High School, during the 2009 – 2010 school old ages. The pupils are referred for plan engagement by parents, instructors or other school forces for bar or early intercession of behavioural concerns that hinder school success. However, plan engagement is voluntary and even with parental permission ; pupil must exhibit willingness for plan engagement. Safety Net is a ten- hebdomad equal facilitated course of study based intercession theoretical account, administered during the school twenty-four hours. The Safety Net plan provides a full scope of bar and early intercession services including preventative instruction, reding and accomplishments preparation. The Ohio – Young person Problem, Functioning, and Satisfaction Scales, is the assessment instrument administered to plan participants for outcome step. The 48-question short reply signifier measures pupils perceived jobs, compared with pupils perceived operation, within the past 30 yearss. The assessment instrument, administered in the signifier of a pre and post-test study, administered prior to intercession and once more at the apogee of the ten-week Safety Net plan engagement. By comparing, the average norm of the 160 pupil participants pre and post- trial tonss, measuring for capable group norm of each, measuring for statistical difference, after plan completion to find the effectivity of the Safety Net plan for this capable group.Evaluation of the effectivity of the Safety Net planAn scrutiny of current literature on school based intercession is expected to turn out that school based intercession is an effectual method for handling kids. Coupled with an analysis of descri ptive statistical informations from the Safety Net plan, for the intent of plan rating the Safety Net plan will turn out to be an effectual intercession method, for the 160 kids -student engagement group. The determination to research the subject of the effectivity of school based intercession plans came as the consequence of a practicum experience as a Safety Net counsellor, while functioning as a alumnus pupil houseman for the Child and Family Guidance Center, in Dallas, TX, spring 2010. As a societal work professional and former particular instruction instructor, the wellbeing of kids and the plans and intercession methods used to handle them is personally relevant. Child welfare societal policy remains an evolving precursor, in America, which sustains the seasonableness of this organic structure of research. Many school-based intercession plans receive federal support therefore ; all taxpaying citizens are stakeholders in the wellbeing of today ‘s kids who are the kernel of social hereafter and hence, this research is comparative and informational to a wide audience. The Family and Child Guidance Centers Inc, assumed name Child and Family Guidance Centers is a non-profit corporation functioning households impacted by mental unwellness, kid maltreatment and disregard, bad behaviours, and substance maltreatment. The bureaus mission is, â€Å" To supply quality accessible mental wellness services to beef up kids, households, and communities. â€Å" Established in 1896, Child and Family Guidance Center has nurtured kids, strengthened households, and sceptered persons by supplying comprehensive solutions to life ‘s jobs through guidance, instruction, public consciousness, and community partnerships for over 113 old ages. The Safety Net Plan is one of many plans included under the parent organic structure of services that Child and Family Guidance Center provides. Others include Psychiatric & A ; Therapy Based Servicess for Adults, Children, and Families Program. This equips households with skills/resources to cut down chronic jobs including me ntal unwellness, household force, kid maltreatment, and homelessness through an array of household focused, mental wellness services.A Intensive Services for Children with Mental Illness ( Severe Emotional Disturbance ) Program provides intensive clinical services to kids with the disablement of serious mental unwellness to enable them to successfully work in their place and school environments and to efficaciously passage to maturity. Using a â€Å" wrap-around † attack, they provide community-based services to turn to behavioural wellness demands utilizing strength-based ends and the integrating of community services. Co-occurring Mental Health & A ; Substance Abuse Services Program provides prevention/intervention services to youth with behavioural issues that put them at hazard for substance abuse/addiction. Equally good as supplying intervention to persons diagnosed with co-occurring mental unwellness and substance maltreatment to cut down the negative effects of the dou ble diseases.A Parent & A ; Family Education – The Family and Community Education Program ( FACE ) serve households affected by kid maltreatment, divorce, or dysfunction.A It seeks to stabilise households by learning accomplishments to turn to jobs that stress household systems and put household members at risk.A ( Child and Family Guidance Center is the exclusive supplier of rearing instruction services to Child Protective Services for 19 county parts within the province of Texas. Finally, the Safety Net – Intervention Servicess for High Risk Youth, the school based intercession plan that serves as the beginning of this plan rating. Child and Family Guidance Center is a nationally acclaimed plan, renowned for its regard and indorsement by the Federal authorities, as proven by the continued successful acquisition of federal support and noteworthy usage of resources sanctioned with Federal indorsement. Child and Family Guidance Center has been a recognized spouse of the United- Way since 1924 ( Childandfamilies.info ) . Childs are a particular population, who possess a particular leaning for alteration hence, â€Å" it is easier to add strength than it is to deduct from failing † ( Openshaw, 2008, p. 91 ) . By placing these pupils and turn toing, bad behaviours, in in-between school, places these pupils at an advantage, as they are able to have the necessary support to go resilient and the tools necessary for school success. â€Å" Having observed that every individual has the ability to get the better of hardship if of import protective factors are present in that individual ‘s life † , it is inherit that at hazard pupils are identified and receive intervention in school based intercession plans such as Safety Net ( Krovetz, 1999 ) . Resilient kids have been found to possess four common properties: Social competency ( the ability to arouse positive responses from others, therefore set uping positive relationships with both grownups and equals ) . Problem- work outing accomplishments ( planning and resourcefulness in seeking aid from others ) Autonomy ( a sense of one ‘s ain individuality and an ability to move independently and exercise some control over one ‘s environment ) . A sense of intent and hereafter ( ends, educational aspirations, continuity, hopefulness, and a sense of a bright hereafter ) ( Benard, 1993, p. 44 ) . Students who participate in the Safety Net plan, must be willing participants, they must expose the ability to acquire along with the Safety Net counsellor every bit good as show the adulthood to map within a peer-facilitated group. A pupil who meets the lower limit demands for engagement in the Safety Net plan, already possess the inherit strength of resilience. â€Å" Never underestimate the power of resilience † ( Nims & A ; Hamm, 2006 ) . Although pupils must come to the Safety Net plan volitionally, they must hold parental/ guardian permission, which includes a parental pre and station -test. This serves a signifier of parental support, in that parents must detect and be able to describe out on their pupils ‘ behaviour ( Cooper, 2000 ) . As good, Safety Net counsellors are required to document a lower limit of 10 contacts, with each participant, instructors, guardian or other mental wellness professional. This pattern cultivates an automatic support system for each single pupil participant. With cognition of plan engagement, pupils become unwittingly accountable to multiple grownups, who are likely concerned with their overall wellbeing. This pattern every bit good cultivates caring adult relationships that pupils may trust on, at the decision of the Safety Net plan. One of the first assignments given at the induction of the ten-week plan term is the choice of a â€Å" Safe Adult † by each pupil and both parties must subscribe a contractual understanding of answerability and support. The pupil is told to choose an grownup that they may reach in the event of crisis, need for support or advice. This is a support system of the pupils ain induction, this pattern cultivates job work outing accomplishments, liberty and a sense of intent ( Hallfors, 2006 ) . The above pattern of the Safety Net plan in cultivating, every pupil ‘s leaning for resilience besides, establishes the protective factors that are through empirical observation necessary for get the better ofing hardship ( Openshaw, p.92, 2008 ) . These factors documented as being necessary for get the better ofing hardship within the household, school and community. To the acclamation of the Safety Net Program, before of all time diging into the through empirical observation based course of study, every bit good predisposes, an environment conducive for resilience and wellness by: â€Å" Establish a lovingness environment † – at least one grownup who knows the kid good and cares deeply about the wellbeing of that kid. This plan affords each kid the liberty to place multiple lovingness grownups, at school, at place or in their community. This lovingness grownup is so in a place to expose in a non -threatening mode, â€Å" positive outlooks, high clearly articulated outlooks for each kid and the purposeful support necessary to run into those outlooks. Many pupils, by and large, would non place an grownup and petition, clear outlooks for behaviour. This plan affords each pupil â€Å" participation- meaningful engagement and duty ( Krovetz, 1999 ) . Professional values and beliefs sing service as a Safety Net Counselor include but are non limited to the followers: As a professional societal worker interning within a non- societal work specific place, one must trust on NASW ‘s Code of Ethics as a usher to ethical determination devising ( NASW, 2002, Standard I ) , sing ethical quandary in keeping societal work values in a non-social work scene. This codification of behavior is particularly of import when working in an intern function, contracted with an bureau that places your service assignment inside another entity, such as a school. First, one must see the bureaus policies, which may or may non aline with societal work values and so the additive of adhering to the schools policies and processs, which may non aline with the overall values of the societal work profession. In cases such as this, it is imperative for societal workers to adhere, every bit closely as possible to the specified guidelines of both of their employing organic structures and when in uncertainty or struggle should mention to and adhere to NASW ‘s Code of Ethi cs. Ethical quandary are possible and likely in all degrees of pattern, but particularly during the Practicum experience, as the societal work professional is likely charting new professional land. Therefore, it is imperative for pupil housemans in all scenes to be familiar with bureau policy every bit good as their ain professional moralss, which will normally steer their values. Sing the facets of diverseness, school scenes, are normally comprised of diverse populations. These diverse populations range from socio- economic position, race, colour and national beginning to linguistic communication distinction and age. Sing age, when practising within a school puting one must be prepared and adequately equipped to address pupils, parents, school personnel/ other professionals and the community. A personal value in working with kids is the demand to get the hang and expose cultural competency and sensitiveness. This is an ethical authorization but as a former pedagogue and one with a deep affinity for the well- being of kids, it is imperative, to expose cultural competency and sensitiveness without unwittingly precipitating exclusion ( Fallick, 2008 ) . The Child and Family Guidance Center ‘s acceptance and execution of the â€Å" Safety Net – Intervention Servicess for High Risk Youth, † plan is likely motivated by the handiness of State and Federal support nevertheless the plan ‘s design is in maintaining with the bureaus overall mission, â€Å" To supply quality accessible mental wellness services to beef up kids, households, and communities. † Therefore, based on the bureaus stated mission, the bureau is likely passionate about the results of this peculiar plan. Intrinsically, the plans design is in maintaining with their mark audience, extrinsically the bureau receives wages for plan execution in the signifier of grant support. This combination of incentives creates a diverse, yet balanced motive for plan execution ( Fallick 2008 ) . The end of this plan rating is to find the effectivity of the Safety Net plan. The coveted result is to turn out that school based intercession plans such as Safety Net is an effectual method for the intervention of behavioural and mental wellness concerns in kids. Make such plans, specifically the Safety Net Program, run into their stated aims of drop- out bar, character edifice, resilience and life-skill development for at-risk young person? It is one ‘s outlook that the execution of intercession in the signifier of course of study based, peer- facilitated groups will hold a permanent consequence on participants overall school success. This plans disposal occurs within the general instruction scene, and while plan participants exhibit behavioural concerns that preclude their engagement in more mainstream activities, engagement in the Safety Net plan is a preventive and early intercession scheme. By using evidence-based pattern, in the signifier of student-centered course of s tudy, cultivating resilience and developing a support system of each single pupil ‘s pick, the societal worker/ Safety Net Counselor is able to use their ego, their professional cognition every bit good as the pupil ‘s equals in a positive manner to consequence alteration. The ends and mark results set Forth by Safety Net plan Changes that will advance the coveted result of pupils ‘ success in school, including: Dropout bar, precluded by inordinate absence and other signifiers of behavioural jobs, necessitated by lacking societal accomplishments and other internally regulated tools, such as self-efficacy and motive Character edifice, in the signifier of self-esteem, self-awareness, judgement and communicating Resiliency-the development of a support system of pupil ‘s pick and designation of cognitive behavioural tools to get the better of jobs with household and equals Life – accomplishments development, in the signifier, of end development, drug and intoxicant consciousness and bar Celebrated school Social Work expert ascertains that, â€Å" one possible solution to the dropout job is for societal workers to work closely with in-between schools to assist place those pupils who appear to be at hazard when they enter high school. These pupils may be in particular instruction or in alternate plans, may hold failed categories, or received reding from the school counsellor to assist them get by with school- related jobs † ( Openshaw, 2008, p. 122 ) . This is exactly the standard norm for designation as a campaigner for the Safety Net plan, as administered at Richardson West Junior High School. Parents, instructors, counsellors and other school forces, place Safety Net plan participants, by placing pupils with inordinate absence, which is frequently an index of a household in demand of support, or a pupil who may be deliberately losing school or one whom is deliberately absent from certain categories during the school twenty-four hours. Students who receive in ordinate office referral or subject for behavioural misdemeanor, inordinate disciplinary action in the signifier of in- school and alternate arrangement based suspension. Equally good as the designation of pupils, who have had a demand to talk with school counsellors for aid in get bying with school-related jobs. Children are a really resilient client population, with bar and early intercession ; Safety Net counsellors are postured with the aid of single pupil ‘s immediate stakeholders to place at-risk pupils and illicit positive alteration, by implementing the course of study by design. With the necessary constituents in topographic point as afforded by the Project Success course of study, successful completion of the ten- hebdomad course of study based group Sessionss, an outlook for pupil betterment towards the targeted behaviours is high. By placing at-risk pupils, the Safety Net counsellor is able to â€Å" forestall jobs before they occur † . The plans, course of study is structured so that the pupil with the aid, of the Safety Net counsellor receives the confidence of caring grownups, designation of issues before they escalate and the constitution of a peer support group ( Openshaw, 2008, p. 123 ) . Apparent end distinction between, the bureau, the school and the community does non be. Social scientific discipline research ascertains that schools are the primary suppliers of mental wellness services for kids. As opposed to primary attention doctors and other mental wellness professionals who chiefly serve as the mental wellness interventionalist for grownups. Research ascertains school based intercession feasibleness based on the fact that kids are required to go to school ( Hoagwood, Holly, Erwin, 1997 ) . In kids mental, emotional and behavioural wellness troubles are most frequently foremost noted within the school scene and therefore should logically be addressed within the school scene, as the first line of intercession and furthermore prevented if and when possible ( Bums et al. , 1995 ) . The value of supplying mental wellness services in schools was first recognized in this state in 1898 in Chicago, IL, in response to a pupil study on physical and mental wellness. Based on the study ‘s findings, the Chicago school board authorized the first theoretica l account of school-based intercession programming for childhood mental wellness ( Gallic 1990 ) . The Safety Net plan, administered by the Child and Family Guidance Center is one such school based intercession plan. The Safety Net program- Intervention Services for High Risk Youth is a drop- out bar, character edifice, resilience and life -skill development plan for at-risk youth.A It is an in-school partnership plan to assist at-risk young person addition positive decision-making accomplishments and diminish bad behaviours. The plan provides a full scope of prevention/early intercession services including preventative behavioural tools accomplishments instruction, guidance, and accomplishments preparation. The plan utilizes the Undertaking SUCCESS ( Schools Using Coordinated Community Efforts to Strengthen Students ) Curriculum, a research-based intercession theoretical account plan recommended by the Federal Government ‘s Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration ( SAMHSA ) ( CFGC, 2010 ) . The course of studies design seeks to cut down bad behaviours and better resilience factors in at-risk young person. An scrutiny of current literature on school based intercession is expected to turn out that school based intercession is an effectual method for handling kids. These research findings paired with an analysis of statistical informations obtained via the Ohio- trial, from recent Safety Net plan participants, for the intent of plan rating will probably turn out the Safety Net plan as an effectual theoretical account of school based intercession method. Research conducted on school based intercession, ascertains that the survey of inventions and alteration in school systems is non new. What is advanced is a strict outcome rating of a household of school – based intercessions that targets the same job behaviour among a school age population. ( Hallfors, etl. , 2006 ) . An integrating of bing research coupled with the well-founded informations obtained as a contemplation of this plans unity in comparing with the national acclamation that the capable affair herein has received will turn out this integrative paper to be both timely and relevant to current societal policy sing the hereafter of young person. This mounting organic structure of research on school based intercession and bar continues to germinate and cultivate prevalence. Prevalence, in big due to its presentation in a big federal grant and National run from a pool of bureaus including ; ( Department of Education, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, and the Center for Mental Health Services ) as portion of a Safe Schools/ Healthy Students federal enterprise ( Hallfors, etl. , 2006 ) . Undertaking Success, ( Schools Using Coordinated Community Efforts to Strengthen Students ) was originally designed to forestall and cut down substance usage and maltreatment among high hazard, multi-problem striplings in alternate high school scenes. It was based on the Residential Student Assistance Program ( RSAP ) theoretical account used in residential stripling intervention installations, and adapted from the Westchester Student Assistance Program ( WSAP ) . The Student Assistance Program ( SAP ) theoretical account is similar to that of Employee Assistance Programs ( EAPs ) used to assist employees with substance usage or mental wellness concerns ( Shamblin, 2009 ) found six published studies that suggested that SAPs possibly effectual in cut downing substance usage and bettering academic public presentation for some striplings ; nevertheless, they reported that the surveies suffered from important methodological jobs. The Safety Net plan is chiefly based in the Systems theory of intervention, in that it assist pupils in the rating of their environment, in order to assist them thrive. It approaches all of the constituents that comprise a pupil ‘s life, place, school, equals, community and ego. There are a few definitions of systems, that comprise the theory as a whole ; Multiple definitions: A group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent parts organizing a complex whole A constellation of parts joined together by a web of relationships The parts form a whole, which is greater than the amount of its parts For the intent of the research survey, most pupils fall into the class of organic systems, defined as: Dynamical patterns – parts accommodating to each other and to their environment as a whole Partss are massively entangled, interdependent Partss self-organize, learn, co-evolve organically Equilibrium in flux – sensitive to initial conditions System non replicable, ca n't reiterate past Emergent alteration – manage conditions of organic development and experimentation Unknown terra incognitas – test and mistake ( Pawlick, 2004 ) . The plan marks in-between school kids ; larning to accommodate and boom in their environment is a life accomplishment that is movable throughout the class of life. Giving pupils the tools to understand that their actions affect those around them, and that the actions of others affect them, is a critical constituent of the accomplishment set development that Safety Net seeks to administrate.The Safety Net plan, harmonizing to The Project Success, Curriculum Implementation Manuel ( p.21 ) is based on a organic structure of research known as the Prevention Education Series, a Safety Net Counselor conducts this educational series, it is comprised of little, structured, leader-directed, equal facilitated, treatment groups. The Series combines both didactic and experimental attacks to accomplish its ends. The Safety Net program- Intervention Services for High Risk Youth is a drop- out bar, character edifice, resilience and life -skill development plan for at-risk youth.A It is an in-school partnership plan to assist at-risk young person addition positive decision-making accomplishments and diminish bad behaviours. The plan provides a full scope of prevention/early intercession services including preventative behavioural tools accomplishments instruction, guidance, and accomplishments developing. By carry oning one-hour hebdomadal groups, for 10 hebdomads, the intercession is set into gesture. During the 10 hebdomads, the course of study outlines the undermentioned lessons, as a recommended format:a?â„ ¢Topic 1 Bing an Adolescent a?â„ ¢ Topic 2 Alcohol Tobacco, and other drugs a?â„ ¢ Topic 3 Family Pressures and Problems a?â„ ¢ Topic 4 Skills for Coping a?â„ ¢ Topic 5 Communication a?â„ ¢ Topic 6 Problem Recognition and Resolution a?â„ ¢ Topic 7 Stress direction and self-exploration a?â„ ¢Topic 8 Self esteem issues a?â„ ¢Topic 9 Anger direction a?â„ ¢Topic 10 Peer Pressure and Closing At the stopping point of the ten-week procedure, the pupils, receive the Ohio appraisal once more, as a posttest and an result step for finding if pupils developed an apprehension of the lesson, and the ability to implement the accomplishments. Harmonizing the Undertaking Success Manuel the expected results of the Safety Net plan are as follows: dropout bar, precluded by inordinate absence and other signifiers of behavioural jobs, necessitated by lacking societal accomplishments and other internally regulated tools, such as self-efficacy and motive. Through the lessons outlined in the course of study usher, the outlook is that pupils will have the necessary header and societal accomplishments for school success and high school bar. The following targeted result is character edifice, in the signifier of self-esteem, self-awareness, judgement and communicating. The coveted result that follows character development is resilience, the development of a support system of pupil ‘s pick and designation of cognitive behavioural tools to get the better of jobs with household and equals. The concluding desired result of the Safety Net Program and Project Success course of study is life – accomplishments development, in th e signifier of end development, drug and intoxicant consciousness and bar. After plan referral, choice for the Safety Net plan, intercession method relies on the confidential showing signifier on which pupils personally identify behaviours, which place them in a bad class, of dropping out of school or other foreseeable behavioural, academic or legal jobs of a condemnable nature. This signifier assesses hazard, in order to place bad pupils. Once, pupils are deemed to be â€Å" high hazard † they are given a pre-test, they undergo 10 hebdomads of intercession, targeted behavioural alterations will be discussed in the organic structure of the paper. At the apogee of the ten- hebdomad intercession, pupils take a posttest ; these two trials receive scientific comparing as a agency of finding plan effectivity. As good, pupil ‘s parent or guardian takes a parental version of the same assessment tool ; parental informations will be included in the rating every bit good. Students who participate in the Safety Net plan, must be willing participants, they must expose the ability to acquire along with the Safety Net counsellor every bit good as show the adulthood to map within a peer-facilitated group. A pupil who meets the lower limit demands for engagement in the Safety Net plan, already possess the inherit strength of resilience. â€Å" Never underestimate the power of resilience † ( Nims & A ; Hamm, 2006 ) . The pupils, which the Safety Net plan accepts for engagement, must exhibit a desire for plan engagement. Safety Net counsellors are advised non force or promote engagement of any pupils, who does non exhibit a willingness to be a portion of the group therapy procedure. The appraisal setup herein described as the Ohio – The Ohio Mental Health Consumer Outcomes System, Youth Problem, and Functioning and, Satisfaction Scale is an appraisal administered in the signifier a pre and posttest study incorporating 48 inquiries given to- both parents and pupil participants. The instrument consist of 20 inquiries in respect to day-to-day operation, 8 inquiries sing relationships, emphasis and mental wellness intervention and eventually 20 inquiries sing mundane activity in relation to family and equal relatedness. Ethical considerations for working with kids, include the undermentioned Basic policy that affects pupils, take parting in plans such as this, IDEA- Persons with Disabilities Act, NCLB- No Child Left Behind, and educational best patterns of each in relation to the NASW Code of Ethical motives The completion of this plan rating, defined as a set of doctrines and methods that aim to find â€Å" what works † in human service bringing systems ( Grinnell, 2007 ) . The completion of this plan rating utilized the execution of quantitative informations analysis utilizing descriptive statistics and a mated samples t-test as the methodological analysis. By implementing, the one group pretest-post trial as the research design, for the aggregation, each pupil ‘s pre and station Ohio trial mark. The mated samples t-test was ran to find the groups Ohio assessment norm mark, in order to find if a statistically important difference was present after finishing the Safety Net plan. For the intent of finding if plan engagement, depicts an betterment in this sample groups behavioural operation, as stated in response to the Ohio trial questionnaire. The hypothesis, established for this research design, states that the Safety Net plan would turn out to be an effectual intervention method for the sample group, which if proven, could probably reiterate, in a broader survey of the plan ‘s effectivity. The sample consisted of secondary informations, in the signifier of a pre and post-test collected on 120 pupil participants, during the 2009-2010 school old ages. The Ohio appraisal setup contained 48 inquiries given to pupil participants, as a agency of measuring pupils job badness in comparing to pupil ‘s degree of working anterior to intercession and at the apogee of 10 hebdomads of intercession. The instrument consists of 20 inquiries sing day-to-day operation, 8 inquiries sing relationships, emphasis and mental wellness intervention and eventually 20 inquiries sing mundane activity in relation to school, place and equal relatedness. The statistics for the sample group are as follows: Pre- Trial Mean: 76 Standard Deviation 10 Post- Trial Mean:80 Standard Deviation: 8 T-stat: 3.9 The T- stat, finding of 3.9 is statistically important with a step degree.05, as the significance index. The information once and for all proves that the pupil ‘s degrees of perceptual experience sing working when compared with pupil perceived jobs, significantly increased after completion of the Safety Net Intervention plan. The consequences suggest that the pupils perceived working in relation to their jobs improved from 76 to 78. One defect in the researches design is that it does non see the Ohio tonss of the parents and instructors who may hold a more nonsubjective sentiment than the pupil is leting for a broader reading of result ( Grinnell, & A ; Unrau, 2007 ) . Harmonizing to Durant, procedure result based plan rating, are limit the plan rating by neglecting to react to subsequent unfavorable judgment, by turn toing pertinent constituents of holistic rating. ( Durant, 2001 ) . Conducting, an through empirical observation based research survey is a strong project, which requires cognition, accomplishment and ability. The research contained herein, is a direct contemplation of the research workers ability and skill degree. The research procedure contained herein depicts capable command ; with a greater apprehension of the research procedure. The research worker, has a good working cognition of the Social Work profession, and is certain that with on the occupation preparation, greater penetration and accomplishment development will happen. The Social Worker herein described as the research worker, has strengths in many countries of societal work pattern to include, assessment, intervention, theory and pattern. The research worker every bit good developed a better apprehension of the research procedure as it applies to plan rating. Some restrictions include, statistics, which are a critical portion of grounds based societal work pattern. The alumnus degree research pupil is most appreciative of categories centered on Human behaviour and the societal environment, theory, research and policy. Through the completion of these classs, one develops an apprehension of societal systems constructs. The apprehension of aims and proposed results with regard to the person, group, household, organisation, community, societal/cultural, and planetary degree systems. Equally good as, the apprehension of the demands of each degree of the systems, that comprises each pupil ‘s life and the ability to assist them understand every bit good. Further an apprehension of the happening and opposition of alteration and the application of theory to each. An apprehension of the deductions of human development across the life span for societal work pattern – expound on pupils relationships to self, parents, equals and the systems surroundingaˆÂ ¦ including school, community, other service suppliers, etc. Basic societal work policy that affects pupils, take parting in plans such as Safety Net include, IDEA- Persons with Disabilities Education Act, NCLB – No Child Left Behind and educational best patterns in relation to the NASW Code of Ethics. As a professional Social Worker the desire for continued development of accomplishments in the countries of plan analysis and rating are imperative. As one, holding set abouting a Renaissance man attack to acquisition, with a primary focal point on reding intercession methods, accomplishment development in the country of research and plan rating and the ability to interpret this information in a professional mode, to plan stakeholders and the general populace, is an country for future concentration. As a societal -worker, the ability to execute these undertakings good, will advance professional balance every bit good every bit service as a guiding force for the continuation of supplying grounds based pattern.MentionsBenard, B. ( 1993 ) . Fostering resilience in childs. Educational Leadership, 51 ( 3 ) , 44. Rotters, B.J. , Costello, E.J. , Agnold, A. , Tweed, D. , Farmer, E. M, Z. , & A ; Erkanli, A. ( 1995 ) . Children ‘s mental wellness service usage across service sectors. Health Affairs, 14, 147 Child and Family Guidance Center ( 2010 ) . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //childrenandfamilies.info/index.php? option=com_content & A ; task=view & A ; id=29 & A ; Itemid=83 Cooper, W.O. , Lutenbaucher, M. , & A ; faccia, k. ( 2000 ) . Components of effectual yoth force bar plans for 7-to- 14- twelvemonth olds. Archivess of Pediatric and Adolescent medical specialty, 154. Durant, R.h. , Barkin, S. , & A ; Crowchuk, D.P. ( 2001 ) . Evaluation of a peaceable struggle declaration and force bar course of study for sixth- class pupils. Journal of Adolescent Helath, 19,111-117. Gallic, J. L. ( 1990 ) . History of school psychological science. In T.B. Gutkin & A ; C.R. Reynolds ( Eds. ) , The enchiridion of school psychological science ( 2nd erectile dysfunction, ; pp. 3-20 ) . New York ; John Wiley. Grinnell, Richard, & A ; Unrau, Yvonne. ( 2007 ) . Social work research and rating. Oxford University Press, USA. Fallick, A. , Morehouse, E. , Pierce, B. ( 2008 ) . Undertaking Success Schools Using Coordinated Community Efforts To Strengthen Students. Implementation Manuel, Tarrytown: New york Hallfors, D. , Cho, H. , Sanchez, V. , Khatapoush, S. , Kim, H. M. , & A ; Bauer, D. ( 2006 ) . Efficacy V effectiveness test consequences of an indicated â€Å" theoretical account † substance maltreatment plan: Deductions for public wellness. American Journal of Public Health, 96, 2254-2259. Hoagwood, K. , & A ; Erwin, H. ( 1997 ) . Effectiveness of School-Based Mental Health Services for Children: A 10-Year Research Review. Journal of Child & A ; Family Studies, 6 ( 4 ) , 435-451. Retrieved from Education Research Complete database.v Krovetz, M.L. ( 1999 ) . Fostering resilience. Thrust for Educational Leadership, 28 ( 5 ) , 4. National Association of Social Workers ( NASW ) . ( 2002 ) . NASW criterions for school societal services. Wahing, DC: Writer. Nims, D.R. & A ; Hamm, M. ( 2006 July ) . Phoenix preferred attention: Mental wellness services to kids and striplings in rural Kentucky. Paper presented at the 31st National Institute on Social Work and Human Services in Rural Areas, Bowling Green, KY. Openshaw, Linda. ( 2007 ) . Social work in schools. The Guilford Press. Pawlak, E.J. , & A ; Vinter, R.d. ( 2004 ) . Planing and be aftering plans for non-profit-making and authorities organisations. San Francisco: Wiley. Shamblen, S. R. , & A ; Derzon, J. ( 2009 ) . A preliminary survey of the population-adjusted effectivity of substance maltreatment bar scheduling: Towards doing IOM plan types comparable. Journal of Primary Prevention, 30, 89-107.